Infomania
Here’s a study that came I under the radar, but is an important contribution to our on-going discussions about the perils of multi-tasking.
Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at my alma mater in London did a most interesting study funded by, of all people, Hewlett Packard.
It was a postal study carried out at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, and the main finding was that excessive use of technology reduced workers’ intelligence.
Those distracted by incoming email and phone calls were fond to have a 10-point fall in their IQ. That would be more than twice that found in studies of the impact of smoking marijuana. People who are constantly breaking away from tasks to react to email or text messages suffer similar effects on the mind and the brain as losing a night’s sleep
More than half of the 1,100 respondents said they always responded to an email "immediately" or as soon as possible, with 21% admitting they would interrupt a meeting to do so.
Do we really need any more evidence to confirm the dangers of multitasking and constant partial attention?
I don’t think so.
Therefore I’m going to continue to publish tips and techniques for dealing with the barrage of information that threatens to drown us.
Even before the oceans begin to rise….
Bipolar Disorder, Insomnia and Suicide
For many years now, I have advised on the treatment of many well-known people with all sorts of problems and illnesses. I always admire people who reveal that they have suffered from a problem in the hope of helping other sufferers.
The actor Stephen Fry has recently described his struggles with bipolar disorder and why he suddenly abandoned a play in London after developing stage fright. You may have seen him playing Jeeves to Hugh Laurie’s Wooster, or in the Blackadder shows.
Stephen was once described as a man with a “Brain the size of Kent.” He said that he became so knowledgeable because of terrible insomnia, which kept him up nights: he used the time to read enormous numbers of books. He also described a suicide attempt and a very serious plan to kill himself.
Though I’ve not examined Stephen, I can now explain several things to you:
1. Bipolar disorder is not uncommon, and is rather more common in highly creative people. That being said, we must not romanticize an illness that carries a substantial mortality. The illness is frequently misdiagnosed, and when it is, there is an ever-present risk of suicide, as well as a host of other medical problems.
2. Anxiety disorders occur in 80-90% of people struggling with bipolar disorder, and stage fright is one of these anxiety states
3. Stephen may not have had insomnia as much as a reduced need for sleep, which is a classic symptom of one type of bipolar disorder. People with insomnia cannot sleep and usually go through the day feeling un-rested. People with a reduced need for sleep not only stay awake, but don’t get tired until they have been up for days at a time. Doing something like reading lots of books at night is another classic symptom.
Stephen Fry has just made a documentary for the BBC in which he talks about bipolar disorder with Carrie Fisher, Richard Dreyfuss and Robbie Williams.
They all deserve our gratitude for speaking out, telling their stories, and hopefully helping alleviate some of the stigma of mental illness, and helping more people get the diagnosis and treatment that they need.
Thank you Stephen!
P.S. There has recently been a rumor going round that your humble reporter was the model for Hugh Laurie’s Golden Globe award-winning portrayal of Dr. Gregory House. I don’t know where it started, but there’s absolutely no truth in this vile calumny. I’m never irritable or curmudgeonly…
Technorati tags: Stephen Fry Bipolar disorder Stigma Hugh Laurie Blackadder Gregory House
Migraine and Bipolar Disorder
Back when the world was new, I cut my teeth in migraine research, and migraine and other headaches were the topic of my first book. So I’ve always kept an eye out for new developments.
There’s an interesting case report from India, about a nineteen year old who developed mild mania as part of the aura or warning of his attacks. This sort of case is interesting for what it might be able to teach us about each illness. It is also good for us to know that bipolar disorder is highly co-morbid: it is associated with many other illnesses apart from migraine:
1. Anxiety disorders
2. Substance abuse disorders
3. Attention deficit disorders
4. Personality disorders
5. Impulse control disorders
6. Eating disorders
7. Insulin resistance
8. Obesity
9. Diabetes mellitus
10. Cardiovascular diseases
11. Pain disorders
This is why diligent clinicians are always on the lookout for bipolar disorder: if it is missed and remains untreated, it can cause havoc: suicide attempts, damaged relationships, substance abuse and general misery.
Migraine is one of the vascular headaches that is occasionally associated with an array of other vascular problems, like Raynaud’s phenomenon, ischemic heart disease and stroke. But the aura is something else altogether. For many years it was thought that the migrainous aura was a result of a reduction in blood flow to regions of the cerebral cortex. Almost 25 years ago that was shown to be inaccurate. It is due to a release of witches’ brew of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the cortex. It is highly likely that the release of excitatory amino acids is the explanation for the manic symptoms.
Migrainous mania is evidently rare, but apart from visual disturbances, I’ve seen all sorts of strange auras: sudden food cravings; intense sweating; extreme irritability and many other things besides.
The treatment of migraine still revolves around avoidance or modulation of triggers, pain relief and prophylaxis. The big change in recent years has been the increasing amount of experience and small amount of evidence indicating the value of non-pharmacological approaches like spinal manipulation, temporomandibular joint adjustment, acupuncture, the tapping therapies and homeopathy.
To an integrated practitioner, the key is to understand the problem as more than just headache: we can guide a person to see the problem in its broader context, as a challenge designed to find a path toward inner wellness. We also see it as a process that has meaning and purpose and is a Divinely inspired invitation to grow spiritually and as an individual.
That may sound a lot for a headache, but it is the best possible way to triumph over the problem!
“The cure of the part should not be attempted without treatment of the whole.”
–Plato (Athenian Philosopher, 428-348 B.C.E.)
Technorati tags: Migraine Bipolar disorder Insulin resistance Attention deficit disorder AnxietyIntegrated medicine
Helping to Prevent Suicide
Unless you work in psychology or psychiatry, you may not know that in the United States, there are considerably more suicides each year than there are murders.
Though there is sometimes little warning that someone might be about to harm themselves, in the majority there have been some warning signs.
The American Association of Suicidology expert consensus panel has just published a mnemonic to help professionals and the general public recognize some of the major risk factors. You can find a brief article with a link here.
Here is the whole mnemonic:
I Ideation
S Substance abuse
P Purposelessness
A Anxiety
T Trapped
H Hopelessness
W Withdrawal
A Anger
R Recklessness
M Mood changes
This is only a first attempt at an evidence-based summary of some of the major risk factors, and the sensitivty and specificity of the list is still quite low. But If awareness of some of these warning signs and risk factors saves even a single life, this post will have been worthwhile.
Technorati tags: Suicide Depression Self-harm
Diagnosing Illnesses
I am pleased to say that my recent item about Categorical and Dimensional ways of looking at illnesses has provoked some spirited correspondence and questions. Far from indicating that the art of diagnosis is arbitrary and vague, it reflects clinical reality. I get a great many magazines and articles from supporters of alternative medicine, and some have so misunderstood the principles of diagnosis that they think that illnesses don’t exist! One of the reasons for this flawed thinking is that we all have a bad case of physics envy. The success of Newtonian physics and Humean philosophy has seduced us into thinking that everything has a single cause, and that every item and every event has clearly defined boundaries.
We are complex and ever-evolving individuals and we are also members of of constantly changing groups, so we have to be seen not only as "objects" wth diagnostic labels, but also as people with a time and developmental dimension: you and your life challenges will change over time as you continue to develop and evolve. As the great Scottish poet Robert Burns said: “Nature‘s mighty law is change.”
I think that is important to let you know how this field is developing, and why it is that we cannot always come up with a cut and dried answer to the question "Well, what has he got then?"
On May 24th, I wrote a short article about the inter-relationships between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that you may find interesting. It develops some of the points that I made in my previous article.
Technorati tags: Diagnosis Category Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia
Creativity and Promiscuity
What do Lord Byron, Dylan Thomas and Pablo Picasso have in common? Not only were they all creative, they also had lively and probably exhausting sex lives. British researchers have recently found evidence that this connection may be no coincidence.
Daniel Nettle from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne and Helen Clegg of the Open University have spent some years examining the puzzle of schizophrenia. This is without doubt one of the most savage and distressing illness to afflict humanity. There is a heritable component, yet sufferers themselves often find it very hard to maintain relationships, have many physical illnesses and tend to have fewer children themselves. Yet the illness persists, and indeed appears to have become far more common in the middle of the 18th century, roughly coinciding with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The question then is whether some mild forms of the illness may have survival advantage. Theses investigators have been looking at some of the personality traits that may be predictive of schizophrenia. They found high rates of what is known as “Schizotypy” amongst the artists and poets.
The typical features of schizotypal personality disorder are:
1. Unusual experiences, including odd perceptions, magical thinking and sometimes hallucinations
2. Cognitive disorganization
3. Impulsivity
4. Non-conformity with regard to rules and social conventions
5. Often introverted, though some become overly sociable
People with schizotypal personality may develop schizophrenia symptoms if stressed, and they are found more commonly in the families of people with full-blown schizophrenia.
Psychologists have previously found that the creativity of professional artists and poets acts almost like a sexual magnetic, and it has long been thought that creative people are more likely to engage in increased sexual activity, but this research is the first to prove it. The average number of sexual partners for artists and poets was between four and ten, compared with three for non-creative types. Statistics also showed that the average number of sexual partners for both men and women rose in line with an increase in the amount of creative activity.
Links have been made before between bipolar disorder and creativity and also between creativity and schizotypy. An essential feature of creativity is the ability to put together unusual associations and ideas. In the schizotypal person who is creative, this is kept in balance, but in schizophrenia these association can become bizarre. Schizotypy tends to be associated with cognitive activation and sometimes greater sociability.
Apart from art and poetry, it is an open secret in the psychiatric community that several Nobel Prize-winning scientists have schizotypy, at least two have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, including John Nash of Beautiful Mind fame, and several famous Nobel Laureates have first-degree relatives with schizophrenia. The numbers are much higher than in the general population.
Some commentators have suggested that if you want to be lucky in love, perhaps you need to be more creative. We cannot all be a Byron or a Picasso, but I would suggest that injecting a little more creativity into your current relationships and if you are looking for new ones, being more open and creative about how and whom you meet, will likely make encounters more congenial for both of you.
Technorati tags: creativity, schizotypy, Picasso,
